They are incredibly observant, prideful, and fun-loving. They have dark eyes that are almost oval-shaped and high, perky ears that add to their alert stature. To see more adoptable Miniature Pinschers in Alabama, use the search tool below to enter specific criteria! Ansel. NEXT. Miniature pinscher mum womens unisex crewneck top. This small yet mighty dog was first recognized by the AKC in 1925 and has since become a popular pet among households in the. Altura (Machos) Altura (Hembras) Peso (Machos) Peso (Hembras) 2 meses. Miniature Pinscher Appearance and Abilities Known as the “King of the Toys”, the Miniature Pinscher is a tiny, compact, muscularly-built, sleek dog with square proportions and well. The Miniature Pinscher is often called “The King of Toys” because of its regal (but tiny) appearance. The Miniature Pinscher is NOT a smaller version of the Doberman Pinscher, even though their looks are quite similar because both these breeds had some mixture of German. El Pincher: esta variedad de Pinscher tiene un tamaño mediano a grande, alcanzando una altura de entre 45 y 50 centímetros en la cruz. Los perros Chipin miden aproximadamente de 20 a 30 cm de alto hasta. Reply. Screened for quality. Name: Tyson Sex: Neutered Male Age: 6 years Breed: Min Pin Mix Weight: 21 poun. 7k) $ 39. Withholding food for 12 – 24 hours allows the system to flush out whatever nastiness caused the issue and reboot to a. Варна,. Stir in flour until blended. Dog food is a recurring expenditure that adds up to a lot of money over the lifespan of your Miniature Pinscher. 12–14 years. The Miniature Pinscher originates from Germany and records show it goes back hundreds of years where it was developed and designed to kill rats in homes and stables. El Pinscher mini puede alcanzar un peso de entre cuatro y cinco kilos, no más de cuatro si se trata de una hembra. Find Miniature Pinscher puppies for sale. Transportation. While precise history of the. The poodle parent breed is an excellent swimmer, so it’s likely your Pinny Poo will enjoy the water too. Il est d’origine allemande et est issu de plusieurs croisements entre les. . Leading Min Pin breeder/Quality, Veterinarian References. Patellar Luxation. Il est d’origine allemande et est issu de plusieurs croisements entre les. These are beautiful dogs and certifications of both the mum and dad can be seen, perfect example of the miniature Pinscher. Ready to see what dogs fit you best? Take our short quiz to find out! The miniature pinscher is a toy dog breed from Germany that actually isn't related to the Doberman pinscher, despite their similar appearances. Despite their name, the Miniature Pinscher or "Min Pin" is not a miniature version of the Doberman Pinscher. Brushing once or twice a week should suffice. They range in height from 10-12 inches at the shoulder, which makes them ideal for those who live in apartments or other small dwellings. Feed Your Miniature Pinscher Puppy Quality Ingredients. Cuándo se le levantan las orejas a un mini pincher. Moreover, a few years back, British Veterinarinan researchers performed a scientific study to determine the lifespan of the Miniature Pinscher. These pups are eager to please, and quite the entertainers once they get your attention. FREE delivery Sat, Jun 10 on $25 of items shipped by Amazon. Min pins are their own dogs, possessing outsized. Instead, the Miniature Pinscher is a distinct breed that descends from the German Pinscher and the Italian Greyhound. He naturally is well groomed, proud, vigorous and alert. 5cm. Because all breeding programs are different, you may find dogs for sale outside that price range. Make sure you are not only choosing the right breed for you, but also that you’re getting it from the right individual. Min Pins have dark expressive eyes that are slightly oval. 1. Fill each muffin cup with ¼ cup chicken mixture. Su esperanza de vida es de unos 14 años. She has champion lines, weighs 115 pounds, and is black and tan. A pesar de la creencia popular que admite que el pinscher desciende del dóbertman, lo cierto es que se trata de razas caninas que nada tienen que ver. 5 to 12 inches tall and weighs seven to eleven pounds. Prices for Miniature Pinscher puppies for sale in Dallas, TX vary by breeder and individual puppy. Imported to America in 1919, the Min Pin wasn’t. Generally, the lifespan of the Miniature Pinscher is from 10 to 14 years. . Miniature Pinscher Chihuahua mix grooming and feeding. Weight of 8 to 10 pounds. Miniature Pinscher Mixed Breed (Medium) Female, 1 yr. . Miniature Pinschers are one of the most active and dynamic small dogs. Temperamento y Personalidad del Pinscher Mini. The Miniature Pinscher is a miniature dog with a well-muscled body. Ze-Whi's Miniature Pinscher. Tienen la cabeza alargada con el cráneo plano o «aplastado», los ojos grandes y las. Appearance. Available Puppies. Los ejemplares de Affenpinscher se ocupaban de cazar alimañas, pero en la actualidad se han. 15 weeks old. If I was considering a Miniature Pinscher, I would be most concerned about. Xenia, OH. The Doberman Pinscher is a younger breed than the Min-Pin. Min Pins make outstanding companions and adapt well to apartment life, and are one of America’s most popular breeds. To begin training the recall, Goldberg advises: “At this stage, the puppy will mostly want to be with you. The price will vary depending on the coat color, geographical location and who you’re purchasing from. Tavares, FL. Learn more. To see more adoptable Miniature Pinschers in Colorado, use the search tool below to enter specific criteria! Asher. Eye Cleaning. En nuestro blog encontrarás artículos con recomendaciones sobre estos temas. Female, Adult. The Complete Miniature Pinscher Puppy Shopping List Bringing home a new Miniature Pinscher puppy can be an exciting experience, but it’s important to make sure you have everything you need to provide a happy and healthy environment for your furry friend. Because all breeding programs are different, you may find dogs for sale outside that price range. 1 day ago · Estimated lifetime cost: $28,573. It carries a regal posture that is well-balanced. Visit us now to find your dog. The Miniature Pinscher has a sturdy, well-balanced, and athletic build. Read More. (3. Although they look like miniature Doberman Pinchers there is no direct. . Despite their small size, they have a solid and graceful demeanor. Through Good Dog’s community of trusted Miniature Pinscher breeders in California, meet the Miniature Pinscher puppy meant for you and start the application process today. Find Miniature Pinscher puppies for sale. Miniature Pinscher, breed of toy dog originating in Germany, perhaps as early as the 1600s. They do have a similar coat in many ways, but they. They are believed to be a mix of German. Miniature Pinschers were originally bred to hunt small rodents in the houses of the wealthy but now are. They do have a similar coat in many ways, but they Dobermans tend to shed a bit more than the Miniature Pinschers do. More traits and characteristics of the Miniature Pinscher. All Miniature Pinscher found here are from AKC-Registered parents. Miniature Pinscher For Sale in United States (850) Filters . $ 650. The Italian Grey Min Pin is a small dog with a thin, straight coat that comes in a variety of colors and patterns such as tan, gray, white, yellow, chocolate, liver, brindle, sable, pied, merle, speckled, orange, red, beige, or black. Catching rats in stables and farms, Min Pins are great at. . The cost for these procedures typically ranges from $50 to $500. On Good Dog today, Miniature Pinscher puppies in Cincinnati, OH range in price from $1,000 to $1,700. Learn more. Screened for. Description. Quick Facts. The mom & dad are our inside pets so as you can imagine these puppies are spoiled. Both male and female Miniature Pinschers typically grow to a height of 10-12. Left: American Hairless Terrier, Right: Mini Pinscher | Image Credit: (art nick) Shutterstock and Pixabay30 Black, Brown & Gold-Inspired Miniature Pinscher Names Miniature Pinschers come in a variety of combinations of black and colors including tan, rust, and chocolate. Compatiblity. Patellar Luxation is another common issue seen in Min Pins, where the knee cap (patella) slips out of its groove. His high energy levels and alert nature make him ideal watchdog material. The Miniature Pinscher is a small, compact dog. The Miniature Pincher dog's eyes are alert, large, and round. 4 little dogs running in a row. El Pinscher Miniatura mide entre 30 y 40 cm y pesa entre 4 y 7 kg. The brave and playful Min Pin has a big personality in a small body. On Good Dog today, Miniature Pinscher puppies in Richmond, VA range in price from $1,200 to $2,000. Miniature Pinscher Puppies. Although it resembles a miniaturized version of the Doberman Pinscher, the dog likely was the result of the crossbreeding of German Pinschers, The German pinscher with its sleek, smooth coat was considered the short-hair version of the wiry, long-hair schnauzer. First-year expenses are around $3,095 and will be about $970/year (or $81/month) after that. This dog, however, is also a distinct breed from the. Learn more. Known as the “king of toy breeds,” the Miniature Pinscher is a regal and commanding dog that doesn’t seem to realize he is so tiny. Because all breeding programs are different, you may find dogs for sale outside that price range. Miniature Pinscher. The average lifespan of a Miniature Pinscher is 12 to 15 years; however, these pups have been known to survive up to 16 years. This drive, along with their imposing physical app. I have two girls and two boys. In a medium saucepan, melt butter over medium heat; add onion and cook 3-4 minutes, until onion is tender. Reh-Pin Miniature Pinschers – Arizona. 5kg to 4kg. I am interested in a mini rottweiler. This Chihuahua Miniature Pinscher mix is a relatively new breed created by crossing the two parent breeds. 5 lbs. The Miniature Pinscher-Shih Tzu is a mixed breed created by crossing a Miniature Pinscher with a Shih Tzu. The Min Pin measures 10-12. Average weight: Males 3. Other advantages of owning a Min Pin include the dog's lively, alert and curious temperament that delights the owners of this tiny breed. With the proper training, your Miniature Pinscher will become a family-oriented dog that loves children. Microchipping: Microchipping is an effective way to identify your Miniature Pinscher. Min Pins, as they’re often called, are only about 1 foot tall at the shoulder and. Miniature Pinscher Puppies. до 2 323 лв. Because all breeding programs are different, you may find dogs for sale outside that price range. In this article, we will explore the. Don't wait any longer to start a relationship with your Miniature Pinscher! Order today and start making your Min Pin happy, healthy and obedient! For Only $26. The Miniature Pinscher breed falls into the toy group, which includes dogs like the Japanese Chin and the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel. Some may even resemble purebred Miniature Pinschers or Pugs while still being a mix. The Miniature Pinscher, also known as the Zwergpinscher and Mini Pin, is a small breed of dog of the pinscher type originating in Germany. San Bernardino, CA 92407. Due to their similar size and coat colors, the Manchester Terrier and the Miniature Pinscher are often confused. (A helpful historian tells us that " 'pinscher' appears to be a Germanic form of the French word 'pincer,' meaning. Prices for Miniature Pinscher puppies for sale in Syracuse, NY vary by breeder and individual puppy. AKC Reg. Cuándo deja de crecer un mini pincher. Despite its small size, the Miniature Pinscher is an excellent guard dog. 36 Miniature Pinscher Mix Breeds – The Popular and Adorable Hybrid Dogs - PetPress If you have never had a Miniature Pinscher Mix before, look at the top 36 most popular crossbreeds listed, and see which one might fit for you and your family. These dogs are perfect family companions that get along with other pets if socialized young, and children, although they may be snappy. Find a Miniature Pinscher puppy from reputable breeders near you in Maryland. An experienced operator can fill up to two thousand five hundred bottles per hour; it is also. KOBE. As a mixed breed dog, he is not recognized by the American Kennel Club, UK Kennel Club, or Canadian Kennel Club. This combination of traits can provide inspiration when choosing a name. Below are our newest added Miniature Pinschers available for adoption in Ohio. It allows authorities to trace the dog back to you in case it gets lost. My dog has a rottweiler head she is verry small I was told she is a mini pinscher but others say she is rottweiler not sure but I love my baby girl. Miniature Pinscher Rescue Information: Miniature Pinschers are lively little terriers that need to be the center of attention. Some believe the Min-Pin breed was crossbred with the Dachshund or Italian Greyhound. Website: Location: New York, NY 10006. Miniature Pinscher Growth ChartMiniature Pinscher Growth Chart. On Good Dog today, Miniature Pinscher puppies in Ocala, FL range in price from $1,300 to $2,000. History. Doberman Pinscher Temperament. $ 650. Miniature Pinscher · Indianapolis, IN. This breed is a miniature version of the German Pinscher and is believed to have Dachshund and Italian Greyhound relatives. Transportation. Fully-grown Miniature Pinschers usually stand 10-12. The Miniature Pinscher, known as the Min-Pin by many fans, is an excellent watchdog, but also a spunky companion dog. Find Miniature Pinscher puppies for saleNear Nebraska. Video: Getty. But, they are distinctly separate dog breeds. Below are our newest added Miniature Pinschers available for adoption in Mississippi. The German Pinscher is an agile and athletic, high-energy breed who requires ample daily exercise for his physical and mental well-being. The feisty little Pinny Poo brings together the loyal and protective nature of the Miniature Pinscher (Min Pin) and the smart, playful traits of the Miniature Poodle to produce a fun little family dog with a wilful yet eager-to-please personality. The brave and playful Min Pin has a big personality in a small body. Average lifespan: 15 years. Miniature Pinscher · Bartlett, IL. . They bought her first Min Pin in 1989, with whom they also won their first local dog show. For over 25 years, Redbarn has been a family-owned business that makes their food right here in the USA. 5 inches. STANDARD. more. $ 650. Hi I am Timothy! I am located at Puppy Luv Mesa. . On Good Dog today, Miniature Pinscher puppies in Midland, TX range in price from $1,500 to $2,750. The German pinscher also played a key role in the development of the Doberman, miniature pinscher, and Rottweiler. Mini Pinschers generally live for 12-16 years on average. Miniature Pinscher stock photos are available in a. [2]Chihuahua vs Min Pin: Life Expectancy. Miniature Pinschers get along well with other pets and children if properly socialized, but they do not tolerate teasing. While this breed isn’t the lounging type, Min Pins do bond with their families and are. In fact, the Miniature Pinscher has been around longer than the Doberman and some say they have been around for more than 2,000 years. Chipin Highlights. ALL AMERICAN K9 LLC. The breed predates its larger cousin and may have Greyhound and Dachshund lineage. 24% - 29% crude protein, depending on the recipe. Around 80% of growth is complete by six months. En lo que respecta a su apariencia, se asemeja muchos a la raza Dobérman pero en miniatura. (A helpful historian tells us that " 'pinscher' appears to be a Germanic form of the French word 'pincer,' meaning. Cook 2-3 minutes, stirring, until the mixture thickens. Miniature Pinscher/Feist. Xmas Sweatshirt Miniature Pinscher Dog Christmas Sweater Xmas Jumper Day Santa Hat For Men Women & Kids. It has similar looks to the Doberman and many are of the opinion that the Miniature Pinscher was developed by breeding Dobermans to smaller sizes. Location. 6. Cocky, brash, curious and impetuous, these dogs are their own three-ring circus. The puppy’s gender, coat color, and age can also affect the price. Premium. The Chipin is a mix between two toy-to-small sized breeds: the Chihuahua and the Miniature Pinscher. 2 pickup & drop-off options. Deals and Offers: 15% off food with code IHEARTFOOD15 AAFCO Statement: Redbarn embraces AAFCO guidelines because it’s what’s right for our dog and cat pet parents. Country of Origin: Germany Originally a working, ratting terrier type, the Miniature Pinscher was first officially recognised in Germany in 1895 and is the smallest of the three Pinscher breeds (the other two being the Dobermann to which the Min Pin is not actually related at all, and the German Pinscher). Los campeones de competencias de todo el mundo se utilizan a menudo para la cría y, por supuesto, los cachorros de estos perros Pinscher Miniatura tendrán un precio mucho más alto, lo que puede marcar la diferencia. The Min-Pin is thought to be about 2,000 years old and developed from the German Pinscher. Our Min Pins are loyal and devoted to their family-ESPECIALLY the kiddos! Our puppies will have ears PROFESSIONAL cropped, tail docked and dew claws removed-SAVING you OVER $400! We are known for our Quality Min Pins OVER 17 YEARS NOW! Here are 23 fantastic Miniature Pinscher mixes to choose from! The Top 23 Miniature Pinscher Mixes: 1. Miniature Pinscher/Chihuahua. The Miniature Pinscher dog is originally bred to hunt vermins or animals that infest crops like rats. Hair is smooth, short and lustrous, also hard. The back of the dog is muscular, as well as the legs and chest. Miniature pinscher colors range from black, chocolate, tan, fawn, red, rust, and combinations of all of the above. The miniature pinscher is a toy dog breed from Germany that actually isn't related to the Doberman pinscher, despite their similar appearances. See more ideas about miniature doberman, mini pinscher, miniature pinscher. 4. Because all breeding programs are different, you may find dogs for sale outside that price range. Tiene extremidades cortas y delgadas, pero en la edad adulta llega a lucir una contextura. So the recall, or come command, is critical for Dobermans of all ages. Así es, su comportamiento, temperamento e incluso sus manías son idénticas. Hound Group. The typical weight range of a 4-month-old female Miniature Pinscher is from 4. Below are our newest added Miniature Pinschers available for adoption in Alabama. 97. Average size and weight. Size-wise,. Barking - The Miniature Schnauzer has an above-average tendency to bark, while the Miniature Pinscher has a low tendency to bark. Their precise ancestry is unknown although some researchers believe the Miniature Pinscher may be related to the German Pinscher, the Dachshund and the Italian Greyhound. About Miniature Pinschers. Minnie Jack Breed Description. Browse 2,651 miniature pinscher dog photos and images available, or start a new search to explore more photos and images. 1 pickup option. They are incredibly observant, prideful, and fun-loving. Because all breeding programs are different, you may find dogs for sale outside that price range. They have a short, smooth coat that is tight and glossy. Fast Your Miniature Pinscher for 12-24 Hours. The front legs are straight with small cat-like feet. Es un gran compañero para una familia activa. Mini Pinscher/Jack Russell mix pups. In fact, they’re aptly nicknamed the “King of Toys” for a reason. The Miniature Pinscher (Min Pin) is a small dog with a big heritage, judging by its presence in historic paintings. The Miniature Pinscher is often called “The King of Toys” because of its regal (but tiny) appearance. The Doxie Pin is the offspring of a Dachshund and a Miniature Pinscher. 5. Porque la higiene es importante y nuestros perritos son muy aseados. In fact, the Miniature Pinscher is a much older German breed that predates the Doberman by some 200 years. I am friendly and was saved. Males / Females Available. The height at the withers is 9,8 -11,8 inches and they weigh from 8,8 - 13,2 lbs. MINI PINSCHER o PINSCHER MINIATURA!!!!!SUSCRÍBETE aquí! os traigo al mini pinscher o pinscher mini!!!El mini pinscher o pinscher m. Pura energía, alegre, activo y muy juguetón, oculta un origen y propiedades muy entrometidas, que te van a sorprender y que explicaremos aquí, para que lo sepas mejor. . No litters planned. El Pinscher mini puede alcanzar un peso de entre cuatro y cinco kilos, no más de cuatro si se trata de una hembra. El promedio de peso para un Pinscher miniatura es de 8 a 10 libras. 12-14 years. All Doberman Pinscher found here are from AKC-Registered parents. To see more adoptable Miniature Pinschers in California, use the search tool below to enter specific criteria! Clyde. These colors are not called “brown”, though they do resemble various shades of brown, orange, and gold, so coat color could serve as inspiration for your Min Pin’s name. Della - Miniature Pinscher Puppy for Sale in Mill Hall, PA. Haley Gross's Rhodesian Ridgebacks and Minature Pinchers. Wasting dog food is the same as wasting money. The brave and playful Min Pin has a big personality in a small body. y tempera. ·Over 4 weeks ago on Get-Pet. Male and female puppies ready for sale at affordable price for each puppy. These feisty dogs are full of energy and attitude and they won’t let you forget it. NORMA CACKA. Su origen es alemán y proviene de varios cruces de perros entre los que. Find Miniature Pinscher puppies for sale. They are very agile and renowned for escaping from seemingly closed-in. This dog is the smaller version of the German Pinscher. They are incredibly observant, prideful, and fun-loving. Miniature Pinschers are a small breed of dog that typically weighs anywhere between 8 and 10 pounds. Apasionado y enérgico que ama jugar, estos cachorros han heredado algunas de las mejores características de sus padres. The brave and playful Min Pin has a big personality in a small body. The Chipin is a mixed breed dog. Female, miniature, pincher, puppies for sale. Screened for quality. 3. This dog only stands about 10. En esta raza no se observan diferencias significativas entre machos y hembras. The Miniature Pinscher is a small, compact dog. The Miniature Pinscher likely descended from the German Pinscher and had additional influences from the Smooth-Haired Dachshund and Italian. Miniature Pinschers Wall Calendar 2023, Cute Gift Idea For Miniature Pinscher Lovers! (75) $29. They can have different colors, faces, snouts, and body shapes. $ 550. Try an Herbal Supplement for Your Miniature Pinscher with Calming Herbs Like Chamomile, Passion Flower, Ginger Root or Valerian Root. 48 cm) The Look of a Miniature Pinscher. Now the Pinscher had to rely on its descendant, the Miniature Pinscher, for survival. Before 1888. Find Miniature Pinscher dogs and puppies from Arizona breeders. Baltimore. My focus is on maintaining the Miniature Pinscher standard by raising structurally sound pups with excellent temperaments and great health. Miniature Pinscher dog gift. The Doberman is a younger breed than this one. Miniature Pinscher Life Expectancy. The brave and playful Min Pin has a big personality in a small body. Price. What are breed characteristics of this mix dog? A Miniature Pinscher-Japanese Chin mix usually weighs between 3 and 5 kg and is between 20 and 30 cm tall. 6 - 4. Want to learn everything about the Miniature Pinscher dog breed? Watch this video and learn more about the Miniature Pinscher. Red Miniature Pinscher Puppies for Sale - Purebred, Vaccinated, and Well-Trained. 62. Prices for Miniature Pinscher puppies for sale in Phoenix, AZ vary by breeder and individual puppy. As a toy breed, the miniature pinscher’s naturally big energy and confidence does not translate to its size. The miniature pinscher is a toy dog breed from Germany that actually isn't related to the Doberman pinscher, despite their similar appearances. Físicamente, el Pinscher Miniatura es el «hermano gemelo» del Pinscher alemán, es decir, es una versión en miniatura de este último. . The Chipin is the hybrid product of the Miniature Pinscher and the Chihuahua. The Miniature Pinscher is lively, spunky, assertive and vocal. The Miniature Pinscher is a lovable, determined small dog breed with a whole heap of adorable quirks, including burrowing into blankets and their tenacious royal attitude. Alabama •. Male, Senior. Because all breeding programs are different, you may find dogs for sale outside that price range. A Miniature Pinscher puppy is likely to cost between $350-$1,215 with the average price being $700. Weight — 8-10 pounds. El Pincher miniatura se considera un perro de tamaño pequeño. Senior Miniature Pinscher Diet – At the age of 7 to 9, your Min Pin is entering their golden years. We hold ourselves to the highest standard when it comes to our dogs and our policies. Miniature Pinschers, the “King of the Toys”, require royal treatment by demanding an audience and respect for their exacting personalities. Coat color — Typically a solid or patterned rusty red; some black and brown color patterns also conform to the AKC breed standard. At this age, they have a. On Good Dog today, Miniature Pinscher puppies in Albuquerque, NM range in price from $1,300 to $2,000. Because all breeding programs are different, you may find dogs for sale outside that price range. In the 1700s, an ancient German breed, the Pinscher, contributed its genes to a new breed of small pinscher, which evolved into today’s Miniature Pinscher. Su origen es alemán y proviene de varios cruces de perros entre los que. The Miniature Pinscher is athletic, spirited, and among the most energetic dogs. De origen alemán, se data su aparición en el siglo XVIII. Visit us now to find your dog. To see more adoptable Miniature Pinschers in North Carolina, use the search tool below to enter specific criteria! Alfie. Weighing in at just 6-10 pounds and standing between 7-13 inches tall, this little pup packs a lot into a petite. They have a tough-guy attitude, although the breed weighs in at just 10 lbs, on the heavy side. These colors are not called “brown”, though they do resemble various shades of brown, orange, and gold, so coat color could serve as inspiration for your Min Pin’s name. About Miniature Pinschers. Finally, you can avoid some negative traits by training your Miniature Pinscher to respect you and by following the 11-step care program in my book, 11 Things You Must Do Right To Keep Your Dog Healthy and Happy. These include the. 15 – 20 cm. As a mixed breed dog, he is not recognized by the American Kennel Club, UK Kennel Club, or Canadian Kennel Club. Miniature pinscher overview. Huntsville, AL. Current on shots and De-wormed. The main colors of Chipins are black, chocolate, golden, and cream. For the past years we have made sure all the puppies we sale are being vaccinated, registered, potty trained and are also good with children and other pets at home. The miniature pinscher is a miniature version of the German pinscher (not the Doberman pinscher, which was developed after the min pin). The German Pinscher is among its homeland's oldest breeds. 00. Miniature Pinscher Temperament.